Roth，Harold D.A Companion to Angus C.Graham’s Chuang Tzu：The Inner Chapters.Honolulu：University of Hawai’i Press，2003.
Said，Edward W.Orientalism.London：Routledge and Kegan Paul，1978.
Schoenewolf，Gerald.The Way：According to Lao Tzu，Chuang Tzu，and Seng Tsan.California：Jain Publishing Company，2000.
Schwartz，Benjamin I.The World of Thought in Ancient China.Cambridge，Mass.：Belknap Press of Harvard University Press，1985.